Poejo (Cunila galioides Benth. ) Production in Five Agroecological Regions of Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass and essential oil production of nine populations of poejo (Cunila galioides) cultivated in five agroecological regions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, under different edaphoclimatic conditions. The experiments were performed in field conditions in Erechim, Caxias do Sul, Pelotas, São Francisco de Paula, and Santa Vitoria do Palmar. The experimental design was completely randomized, with nine populations, eight plants per plot and four repetitions. The following were evaluated: biomass production and essential oil chemical composition and yield. The data underwent ANOVA, followed by Tukey's multiple range test. The adaptability and stability of the populations in the different environments were also evaluated by regression analysis. The results showed great differences between the populations and cultivation sites, with genotype vs. environment interaction. Most populations presented the best biomass production results at Erechim. Pelotas and Santa Vitória do Palmar were the worst locations for poejo production, mainly due to a water deficit occurred during the experiment. The Santa Lucia population presented broad stability and the greatest adaptability to the environments for biomass and essential oil production, but its average production was not satisfactory. The André da Rocha population presented the highest average production of essential oil, and was favored in favorable environments. Regarding essential oil chemical composition, the populations kept stable contents of the major compounds at all locations, with a few variations. In some populations, a higher concentration of sesquiterpenes was observed, which can be attributed to environmental stress.

Histological markers of degeneration and regeneration of the human intervertebral disk / Marcadores histológicos de degeneração e regeneração do disco intervertebral humano / Marcadores histológicos de la degeneración y regeneración del disco intervertebral humano

ABSTRACT Objective: To define histological scores for intervertebral disc degeneration that would enable the definition of morphological characteristics of disease, besides improving knowledge of the lumbar degenerative disc disease by means of immunohistochemical markers. Methods: Hematoxylin and Eosin, Alcian/PAS, Masson Trichrome and Safranin O/FCF staining was used on the intervertebral disc degeneration sections of patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease. The protein markers defined in immunohistochemistry were cell proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (p53). Results: The study data enabled the determination of Safranin O/FCF stain as the most effective one for evaluating parameters such as area, diameter, and number of chondrocyte clusters. The importance of using stains in association, such as Safranin O/FCF, Masson Trichrome, Alcian/PAS and Hematoxylin and Eosin, was also determined, as they are complementary for the histopathological verification of intervertebral disc degeneration. By expressing proteins using the immunohistochemistry technique, it was possible to consider two stages of disc degeneration: cell proliferation with chondrocyte cluster formation, and induction of apoptosis. Conclusion: This study enabled the histological and immunohistochemical characterization to be determined for lumbar degenerative disc disease, and its degrees of evolution, by determining new disc degeneration scores.

RESUMO Objetivo: Definir escores histológicos de degeneração do disco intervertebral que permitam a identificação de características morfológicas da doença, além de melhorar o conhecimento sobre a discopatia degenerativa lombar por meio de marcadores imuno-histoquímicos. Métodos: As colorações histológicas de hematoxilina e eosina, azul de alcian/PAS, tricrômica de Masson e safranina O/FCF foram utilizadas em cortes de disco intervertebral degenerado de pacientes com discopatia degenerativa lombar. Os marcadores proteicos definidos na imuno-histoquímica permitiram a avaliação da proliferação celular (Ki-67) e da apoptose (p53). Resultados: Os dados do estudo permitiram a determinação da coloração de safranina O/FCF como a mais eficaz para avaliar os parâmetros tais como a área, o diâmetro e o número de agrupamentos de condrócitos. Também se determinou a importância do uso das colorações histológicas de forma associada, como safranina O/FCF, tricrômica de Masson, azul de alcian/PAS e hematoxilina e eosina, uma vez que elas são complementares para a verificação histopatológica da degeneração do disco intervertebral. Pela técnica da expressão de proteínas com técnica imuno-histoquímica, foi possível considerar dois estágios de degeneração do disco: proliferação de células com a formação de agrupamentos de condrócitos, seguida pela indução de apoptose. Conclusão: Este estudo permitiu definir a caracterização histológica e imuno-histoquímica em discopatia degenerativa lombar e seus graus de evolução, determinando novos escores de degeneração discal.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Definir valores histológicos de degeneración del disco intervertebral que permitan la definición de las características morfológicas de la enfermedad y mejorar el conocimiento de la enfermedad degenerativa del disco lumbar mediante marcadores inmunohistoquímicos. Métodos: Las coloraciones histológicas con hematoxilina y eosina, azul alcián/PAS, tricrómico de Masson y safranina O/FCF se utilizaron en secciones de los discos intervertebrales degenerados de pacientes con enfermedad degenerativa del disco lumbar. Los marcadores de proteínas definidos por inmunohistoquímica permitieron la evaluación de la proliferación celular (Ki-67), y la apoptosis (p53) . Resultados: Los datos de la determinación permitieron establecer la tinción con safranina O/FCF como la más eficaz para evaluar parámetros tales como el área, diámetro y número de agrupaciones de condrocitos. Se determinó también la importancia del uso asociado de diversas tinciones, como safranina O/FCF, tricrómico de Masson, azul de alcián/PAS y hematoxilina y eosina, ya que son complementarias para la verificación histopatológica de la degeneración del disco intervertebral. Por la técnica de la expresión de proteína con análisis inmunohistoquímica, fue posible establecer dos etapas de la degeneración del disco: la proliferación de células con la formación de agrupaciones de condrocitos y la inducción de la apoptosis. Conclusión: Este estudio permitió definir la caracterización histológica e inmunohistoquímica en la enfermedad degenerativa del disco lumbar y sus grados de evolución, mediante la determinación de nuevas puntuaciones de degeneración del disco.

A rapid and reliable method for the clonal isolation of Acanthamoeba from environmental samples

Acanthamoeba are abundant in a wide range of environments, and some species are responsible for cutaneous infections, keratitis, and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). The conventional detection and isolation of amoeba from clinical and environmental samples involves sampling and culture on non-nutrient Ágar medium. Although efficient, this system requires several transfers in order to eliminate contaminants, and is not appropriate for the isolation of individual amoeba from samples with a biodiverse community. In this study we propose an alternative method for the isolation of monocystic clones of Acanthamoeba. The propose method involves sampling, enrichment, encystment induction, and direct cysts micromanipulation and culture on Ágar plates.

Nosocomial and community infections due to class A extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLA)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in southern Brazil

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of class A extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., and to investigate clonality among ESBL-producing isolates of nosocomial and community infections. METHODS: The study involved 354 nosocomial infections samples and 992 community infections samples, obtained between 2003 and 2006 at Caxias do Sul, RS. The detection of ESBL was performed by the disk-diffusion test. Presence of blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaTEM β-lactamase genes was evaluated by PCR, and genomic typing was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. RESULTS: Higher frequency of ESBL-producing isolates were detected among nosocomial samples of E. coli (6.7 percent) and Klebsiella (43.7 percent), than those obtained from community infections (0.4 percent and 2.6 percent). blaTEM and blaCTX were the most prevalent ESBL gene families in both E. coli and Klebsiella isolates. Different pulsotypes were obtained among ESBL-producing E. coli and 11 clones for Klebsiella spp., which occurred over the years and in different hospital wards. Among ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae, 74.3 percent transferred ESBL genes by conjugation and exhibited concomitant decreased aminoglycosides susceptibility. CONCLUSION: ESBL-producing E. coli, and especially K. pneumoniae are essentially a nosocomial problem, and their dissemination to the community is relatively limited. The great genetic variability observed among ESBL-producing bacteria indicates polyclonal spread and high transference of ESBL genes between bacteria in the hospital environment. This information is of paramount importance for nosocomial infection control.

Rules extraction from neural networks applied to the prediction and recognition of prokaryotic promoters

Promoters are DNA sequences located upstream of the gene region and play a central role in gene expression. Computational techniques show good accuracy in gene prediction but are less successful in predicting promoters, primarily because of the high number of false positives that reflect characteristics of the promoter sequences. Many machine learning methods have been used to address this issue. Neural Networks (NN) have been successfully used in this field because of their ability to recognize imprecise and incomplete patterns characteristic of promoter sequences. In this paper, NN was used to predict and recognize promoter sequences in two data sets: (i) one based on nucleotide sequence information and (ii) another based on stability sequence information. The accuracy was approximately 80 percent for simulation (i) and 68 percent for simulation (ii). In the rules extracted, biological consensus motifs were important parts of the NN learning process in both simulations.

Micropropagation of Salvia guaranitica Benth. through axillary shoot proliferation

Nodal segments from greenhouse grown adult plants of Salvia guaranitica were used to evaluate the effect of culture media and growth regulators on the micropropagation and growth. The highest multiplication rate was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.22 µM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The best condition for rooting was MS medium with 2.85 µM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Rooted plants were successfully acclimatized and exhibited a normal development until maturity. Using the described protocol, approximately 35 plants per explant were obtained after three months.

Segmentos nodais de plantas adultas de Salvia guaranitica cultivadas em estufa, foram utilizados para avaliar o efeito do meio de cultivo e reguladores de crescimento na micropropagação. A maior taxa de multiplicação foi obtida em meio Murashige and Skoog (MS) suplementado com 2.22 µM de 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP). A melhor condição para enraizamento foi o meio MS acrescido de 2.85 µM de ácido indol-3-acético (IAA). Plântulas enraizadas foram aclimatizadas com sucesso e exibiram desenvolvimento normal até a fase adulta. Utilizando o protocolo descrito, aproximadamente 35 plantas por explante foram obtidas após 3 meses.

Degradation of citronellol, citronellal and citronellyl acetate by Pseudomonas mendocina IBPse 105

The purpose of this work was to study the biodegradation of citronellol, citronellal and citronellyl acetate by a soil Pseudomonas mendocina strain (IBPse 105) isolated from a Cymbopogon windelandi field. This strain efficiently used citronellol, citronellal, citronellyl acetate and myrcene as sole source of carbon, but was not able to grow on other 15 monoterpenoids evaluated. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of metabolites accumulation during P. medocina IBPse 105 growth on citronellol showed that this strain uses the citronellol catabolic pathway described for other species of the genus. IBPse 105 degradation of citronellyl acetate initiates by its hydrolysis to citronellol. The mini-Tn5 insertion in mutant IBPse 105-303, impaired in citronellol degradation, but able to grow on citronellal, was located in a homologous of the P. aeruginosa atuB gene, that codifies citronellol deshydrogenase.

Molecular identification of pollen donor plants on a progeny of Cambona-4 female matrix of maté ( Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. – Aquifoliaceae ) / Identificação molecular de plantas polinizadoras em uma progênie da matriz de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. - Aquifoliaceae) Cambona-4

A progeny of Cambona-4, a female maté plant (Ilex paraguariensis) selected by its agronomical characteristics and mild flavor, was evaluated using RAPD markers in order to identify its male parents. Using RAPD markers specifics of each one of the four potential males, the paternity of 84 out of 107 offsprings was confirmed. The majority of the offsprings (83.3%) were ascribed to pollen donor A, while male plants B, C, and D represented 11.9, 4.8, and 0%, respectively. The highly desirable agronomical characteristics and product quality of Cambona-4/pollen donor A offsprings, identified by RAPD markers, lead to the planting of an orchard Cambona-4 and pollinator A to obtain bi-clonal commercial seeds

Uma progênie da matriz feminina de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) denominada Cambona-4, selecionada pelas suas características agronômicas e sabor suave, foi avaliada por marcadores RAPD para a identificação dos respectivos parentais masculinos. Usando-se fragmentos específicos de RAPD de cada um dos quatro polinizadores potenciais, a paternidade de 84 de 107 descendentes foi confirmada. A maioria dos descendentes (83,3%) foi atribuída ao polinizador A, enquanto os polinizadores B, C e D representaram 11,9; 4,8 e 0%, respectivamente. As características agronômicas e de qualidade do produto, oriundas da progênie Cambona-4/polinizador A, identificado pelos marcadores RAPD, direcionaram o plantio de um pomar a partir do cruzamento destas para obtenção de sementes comerciais biclonais.

Comparison of PCR-based molecular markers for the characterization of Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates

Proteus mirabilis is one of the most important pathogens associated with complicated urinary tract infections (acute pyelonephritis, bladder infections, kidney stones) and bacteremia, affecting patients with anatomical abnormalities, immunodeficiency, and long-term urinary catheterization. For epidemiological purposes, various molecular typing methods, such as pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) or ribotyping, have been developed for this pathogen. However, these methods are labor intensive and time-consuming. We evaluated the discriminatory power of several PCR-based fingerprinting methods (RAPD, ISSR, ERIC-PCR, BOX-PCR and rep-PCR) for P. mirabilis clinical isolates. Typing patterns and clustering analysis indicated that RAPD, BOX-PCR and ERIC-PCR differentiated P. mirabilis strains from Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei, and Morganella morganii. With the exception of rep-PCR, the methods gave medium to high discriminatory efficiency in P. mirabilis. In general, the results obtained with RAPD, BOX-PCR and ERIC-PCR were in good agreement. We concluded that a combination of ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR results is a rapid and reliable alternative for discrimination among P. mirabilis clinical isolates, contributing to epidemiological studies.

Semi-volatile compounds variation among Brazilian populations of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil

The use of compressed carbon towards extracting semi-volatile compounds present in maté leaves (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) is due to the growing interest in mate constituents to develop new products in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. The objective of this work was to assess the chemical distribution of semi-volatile compounds in 20 native populations of maté collected all over Brazil. The extracts of bulk samples (30 plants) of each population were obtained by the high-pressure carbon dioxide extraction technique, and analyzed by GC/MSD. The quantification of compounds (caffeine, theobromine, phytol, squalene, vitamin E, eicosane, pentatriacontane, and stigmasterol) showed significant variations within the different populations and compounds analyzed, which are not related to geographical origin or macroclimate characteristics. The results pointed out to the importance of genetic and local environmental factors on the chemical composition of this species.

A extração empregando dióxido de carbono a altas pressões em erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.), tem sido justificada pelo crescente interesse desta matriz vegetal ou de parte de seus constituintes na formulação de novos produtos, tais como cosméticos e medicamentos, entre outros. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar a distribuição química de compostos semi-voláteis em 20 populações de erva-mate coletadas em toda área de distribuição desta espécie no Brasil. 30 plantas foram selecionadas para produzir a amostra de cada população. Os extratos de cada amostra foram obtidos por extração com dióxido de carbono a alta pressão e, posteriormente, foram analisados por CG/EM. A quantificação de alguns compostos semi-voláteis presentes nos extratos (cafeína, teobromina, fitol, esqualeno, vitamina E, eicosano, pentatriacontano e stigmasterol), apresentaram variações significativas entre as concentrações dos diferentes compostos analisados nas diferentes populações, os quais não estão relacionados com origem geográfica ou com características de macroclima. Os resultados apontam para a importância dos fatores genéticos e/ou fatores de microclima sobre a composição química desta espécie.

Aeromonas associated diarrhoeal disease in south Brazil: prevalence, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance

Aeromonas were isolated from 27 (6.6 percent) of 408 patients admitted with acute gastroenteritis in two hospitals at Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Isolates were classified as A. hydrophila (51.8 percent), A. caviae (40.8 percent), and A. veronii biotype sobria (7.4 percent). The highest prevalence of Aeromonas associated infections occurred in lactants and children. Virulence genes (aerA -aerolysin/hemolysin, ahpA -serine-protease, satA - glycerophospholipid-cholesterol acyltransferase, lipA -lipase, and ahyB -elastase) and virulence factors (hemolytic, proteolitic, lipolitic activities, and biofilm formation) were identified in most A. hydrophila and A. veronii biotype sobria isolates, with lower frequencies on A. caviae. All Aeromonas isolates were resistant to ampicillin, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, cephalotin, and cephazolin, and most of them (>70 percent) exhibited resistance to imipenem, carbenicillin, amoxillin/sulbactan, and piperacillin. Multiple-resistance, more than four antibiotics, was evidenced in 29.6 percent of the isolates. The most efficient antibiotics were the quinolones (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin), and the aminoglycosides (amikacin and netilmicin).

Aeromonas foram isoladas de 27 (6.6 por cento) dos 408 pacientes admitidos com gastroenterite aguda em dois hospitais do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os isolados foram classificados com A. hydrophila (51.8 por cento), A. caviae (40.8 por cento), e A. veronii biotype sobria (7.4 por cento). A maior prevalência de Aeromonas ocorreu em lactantes e crianças. Genes (aerA -aerolisina/hemolisina, ahpA -serina-protease, satA - glicerofosfolipidio-colesterol aciltransferase, lipA -lipase, e ahyB -elastase) e factores (atividade hemolítica, proteolítica, lipolítica, e formação de biofilme) de virulência foram identificados na maioria dos isolados de A. hydrophila e A. veronii biotype sobria, com freqüências menores em A. caviae. Todos os isolados de Aeromonas apresentaram resistência a ampicilina, ticarcilina/ácido clavulânico, cefalotina e cefazolina, e a maior parte (>70 por cento) exibiram resistência a imipenem, carbenicilina, amoxacilina/sulbactam e piperacilina. Resistência múltipla foi evidenciada em 29,6 por cento dos isolados. Os antibióticos mais eficientes foram as quinolonas (ciprofloxacina e norfloxacina) e os aminoglicosídicos (amicacina e netilmicina).

Genetic relationships among species of the genus Bothrops based on RAPD markers

As relações genéticas entre 11 espécies de Bothrops (sensus stricto) de ocorrência no Brasil foram determinadas através da comparação dos perfis de fragmentos amplificados aleatoriamente (RAPD). Um total de 239 bandas foram obtidas utilizando 20 sequencias iniciadoras (primers). A maior parte das bandas (88,7%) foram polimórficas. A análise filogenética dos dados permitiu a identificação de três grupos dentro do gênero Bothrops: Grupo 1- B. alternatus, B. neuwiedi, B. cotiara, e B. jararacusu; Grupo II- B. insularis, B. jararaca, e B. erythromelas; e Grupo III- B. moojeni, B. leucurus, e B. atrox. Estes grupos coincidem com aqueles obtidos por outros métodos indicando que os marcadores de RAPD podem ser considerados ferramentas úteis para a avaliação de relações a nível interespecífico.

Pathogenic factors and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus epidermidis associated with nosocomial infections occurring in intensive care units

As infecções nosocomiais constituem um importante problema em hospitais, sendo que as unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI) apresentam a maior incidência deste tipo de infecções. Os estafilococos, especialmente S. epidermidis e S. aureus, estão entre os microrganismos mais importantes associados às infecções nosocomiais. S. epidermidis é uma espécie colonizante da pele, sendo frequentemente inoculado durante procedimentos invasivos ou veiculado pela equipe de saúde, e essa situação é agravada pela emergência de cepas multirresistentes endêmicas no ambiente hospitalar. No presente trabalho foi avaliada a resistência a antibióticos e presença de distintos fatores de patogenicidade em 98 isolados clínicos de S. epidermidis obtidos de vários materiais em unidades de terapia intensiva e 20 colonizantes de pele de voluntários saudáveis. Os resultados obtidos mostraram elevada freqüência de isolados clínicos multirresistentes a antibióticos (76,5 per center), enquanto esta não foi detectada em isolados de voluntários saudáveis. A frequência de isolados multiresistentes foi 67,7 per center na UTI neonatal, 66,6 per center na UTI pediátrica, e 60,8 per center na UTI adulto, a menor freqüência de isolados multirresistentes na UTI adulto é indicativo de maior incidência de cepas comunitárias nesse local. As diferenças significativas na freqüência de isolados com atividades hemolítica, proteolítica e formação de biofilme, encontradas entre isolados clínicos e controles, indica a maior incidência de cepas com potencial patogênico no ambiente hospitalar. Não foi observada correlação entre multirresistência e fatores de patogenicidade, exceto uma baixa correlação positiva com a atividade hemolítica.

The effect of organic osmoprotectors on Aeromonas trota and A. hydrophila grown under high sodium chloride concentrations

O efeito de solutos orgânicos no crescimento de Aeromonas trota e A. hydrophila foi avaliado. A prolina e o ácido glutâmico não apresentaram efeito osmoprotetor, mas a betaina exerceu osmoproteção permitindo o crescimento de ambas bactérias em concentrações inibitórias de NaCl. A cinética do crescimento sugere que a diferença em halotolerância entre as linhagens está associada à síntese de osmolitos, mais do que à capacidade de acúmulo de betaina.

Presence of the yeast Candida tropicalis in figs infected by the fruit fly Zaprionus indianus (dip: Drosophilidae)

In the last years, the fruit fly Zapronius indianus became the most important plague of Brazilian fig production. A fermentation process is associated with infection of the fruit by this fly. A single yeast species, Candida tropicalis, was identified in all the infected figs. The presence of one species and the low genetic variability (RAPD) of the isolates indicates an uncommonly strict interaction between C. tropicalis and Z. indianus.

The effect of organic osmoprotectors on Aeromonas trota and A. hydrophila grown under high sodium chloride concentrations

The effect of organic solutes on the growth of Aeromonas trota and A. hydrophila was evaluated. Proline and glutamic acid were not effective as osmoprotectors, but betaine exerts osmoprotection allowing the growth of both strains in inhibitory concentrations of NaCl. Growth kinetics suggests that the halotolerance difference between the strains is associated with the synthesis of osmolytes rather than betaine uptake.

O efeito de solutos orgânicos no crescimento de Aeromonas trota e A. hydrophila foi avaliado. A prolina e o ácido glutâmico não apresentaram efeito osmoprotetor, mas a betaina exerceu osmoproteção permitindo o crescimento de ambas bactérias em concentrações inibitórias de NaCl. A cinética do crescimento sugere que a diferença em halotolerância entre as linhagens está associada à síntese de osmolitos, mais do que à capacidade de acúmulo de betaina.

The effect of organic osmoprotectors on Aeromonas trota and A. hydrophila grown under high sodium chloride concentrations

The effect of organic solutes on the growth of Aeromonas trota and A. hydrophila was evaluated. Proline and glutamic acid were not effective as osmoprotectors, but betaine exerts osmoprotection allowing the growth of both strains in inhibitory concentrations of NaCl. Growth kinetics suggests that the halotolerance difference between the strains is associated with the synthesis of osmolytes rather than betaine uptake.

O efeito de solutos orgânicos no crescimento de Aeromonas trota e A. hydrophila foi avaliado. A prolina e o ácido glutâmico não apresentaram efeito osmoprotetor, mas a betaina exerceu osmoproteção permitindo o crescimento de ambas bactérias em concentrações inibitórias de NaCl. A cinética do crescimento sugere que a diferença em halotolerância entre as linhagens está associada à síntese de osmolitos, mais do que à capacidade de acúmulo de betaina.

Total protein electrophoresis and RAPD fingerprinting analysis for the identification of aeromonas at the species level

Fifteen well-defined strains of Aeromonas of thirteen species were analyzed by SDS protein electrophoretic analysis (SD-PAGE) and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD). The comparison between the patterns obtained by both methods allowed differentiating all the strains. Clusters formed by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages applied to protein data correlates with the genetic and biochemical information about the species. The results show that protein fingerprinting has the potential to differentiate Aeromonas species, but the low qualitative variation indicates that this technique is not efficient of the characterization of strains within a species. Conversely, RAPD fingerprinting allows the identification of strains but the high variability limits its potential as an aiding method for species identification.

Restriction enzyme analysis of the chloroplast DNA of Phaseolus vulgaris L. vr. Rio Negro / Análise de restrição do DNA cloroplástico de Phaseolus vulgaris vr. Rio Negro

The chloroplast DNA of Phaseolus vulgaris L. vr. Rio Negro was isola ted from chloroplasts obtained by descontiuous sucrose gradient centrifugation. The restriction analysis with the enzymes HindIII, EcoRI and BamHI and their combination, allowed to identified more than 20 fragments of 18 to 0.65kb. The size of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cp DNA was estimated in 140kb with the presence of a repeat sequence of about 22kb.

O DNA cloroplástico do cultivar Rio Negro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) foi isolado a partir de cloroplastos obtidos por gradiente descontínuo de sacarose. A análise de restrição com as enzimas HindIII, EcoRI e BamHI e a combinação destas, permitiu a identificação de mais de 20 fragmentos na faixa de 18 a 0.65kb. O tamanho do cp DNA de Phaseolus vulgaris L. foi estimado em 140kb com a existência de sequências repetidas de aproximadamente 22kb.

Evaluation of the genetic diversity among maize lines (Zea mays L.) by DNA fingerprinting analysis / Avaliação de diversidade genética entre linhagens de milho (Zea mays L.) por analisis de "DNA fingerprinting

Informativo DNA fingerprint profiles of eight homozygotic maize lines were obtained by the electrophoretic separation of DNA restriction fragments and the ir hybridization with the minisatellite probe R18.1. The analysis of the bandsharing frequencies allowed to identify all the lines and to estimate the genetic distances between them. The relationship obtained by DNA fingerprinting analysis of the eight inbreed lines was highly consistem with the ir genetical origin.

Perfis altamente informativos de oito linhagens homozigotas de milho foram obtidos através de análise de DNA fingerprinting, hibridizando-se os fragmentos de restrição com a sonda minisatélite R18,1. A análise de bandas coincidentes permitiu identificar todas as linhagens e estimar as distâncias genéticas entre elas. A relação entre as linhagens obtidas por esta análise é consistente com a origem genética das mesmas.